Knowledge Blog

Let us discuss about  the hardware components in the computer. Hardware components: Mother Board Processor Primary Storage(RAM,ROM) Secondary Storage(HDD,CD,DVD,Floppy disk) SMPS(Switch Mode Power Supply) Input Devices Output Devices Processor: Brain of the computer Semi conductor device Complete CPU in single chip Micro Chip-Arthimetic, Logical Processor Specification: Speed (GHz) Width (Bits) 32 & 64 bits FSB- Front Side Bus (Hz) Cache Memory (K bytes, M bytes) 1 bHz- 1 cycle/ sec 1KHz - 1000 cycles/sec 1MHz- 1 million cycles/sec 1GHz- 1 Billion cycles/sec Cache copy of the information and sent to processor Cache store until system power on. Types of Processors: Slot type Processor (Out date) Socket Type Processor - PGP(Pin Grid Processor) - LGP(Land Grid Processor) Processor Manufacturers: Intel AMD (Advance Mirco Devices) Primary Storage Devices:  It is of two types 1)RAM & 2)ROM Dynamic RAM

OSI-Open System Interconnection is a Hierarchy model designed to have a common communication between different hardware and software vendors. When the model has been adapted by all the vendors, which has delivered a standard mode of communication. The basic idea of this model is represent  how a data passed from one layer to another. Here we have 7 layers in OSI model. They are Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer. Information passed from each and every layer is named, under Data table. Data Layers Function Examples Data Application Layer Message Format, Human-Machine interfaces Telnet, HTTP Presentation Layer Coding into 0’s and 1’s, Encryption and Compression ASCII/EBCDIC/JPEG/MP3 Session Layer Authentication, Permission, Session Restoration Operating Systems, Scheduling(NFS,WINDOWS,SQL) Segment Tra