LINUX FILE SYSTEM HIERARCHY STANDARD(FHS)

/:-

  • This directory is called as the root directory.
  • It is at the top of the file system structure.
  • All other directories are placed under it.

/root:-

  • This is the default home directory of the root.
  • In Linux/Unix the administrator is called as root.
  • Administrative privilege is represented by "#".

/home:-

  • It contains the home directories of all users (similar to Documents & Settings folder in windows)
  • When any user logs in the current working directory by default is the users home directory.
  • Eg: user1--> local user, Login--> $/home/user1, $ represents local user.

/boot:-

  • It contains the kernel, which is the core of the operating system.
  • It also contains the files related for booting the operating system such as boot loader.
  • Eg: kernel-->vmlinuz(name of the kernel), Default boot loader file "grub.conf".

/usr:-

  • Usr stands Unix System Resource.
  • It contains the programs and applications which are available for users(similar to program file in windows)

/opt:-

  • Opt stands for Optional
  • It generally contains the third party software,eg: open office, kaspersky antivirus etc.,

/sbin:-

  •  Sbin stands for system binary
  • It contains essential system commands which can only be used by the superuser(root) .
  • Eg: fdisk, dump, etc,, useradd, userdel, groupadd

/bin:-

  • bin stands for binary
  • It contains essential commands which are used by all users.
  • Eg; ping, cat, chomod, etc, cp mkdir, rm , mv touch.

/etc:-

  • etc stands for etcetera
  • contains all the configuration files.
  • Eg: /etc/passwd--> userdatabase file, /etc/group-->groupdatabase file.

/var:-

  • var stands for variable.
  • It contains variable information, such as logs and print queues.
  • Eg: default user mail box location  --> /var/spool/mail

/dev:-

  • dev stands for device.
  • It contains information about all hardware devices.
  • Eg: SATA  /dev/sda-primary master--IDE-hda






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